一(yi)、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據《試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)(zhun)，在(zai)油(you)浸式試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而(er)設計生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)絕緣(yuan)性能及(ji)優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)度為(wei)同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是(shi)一種(zhong)優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介(jie)質材料(liao)。該產(chan)品(pin)技術要求(qiu)完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)(zhun)，它是(shi)油(you)浸式輕型試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)品(pin)具有體(ti)積小(xiao)(xiao)、重量(liang)輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化(hua)影響、電(dian)暈小(xiao)(xiao)、現場(chang)搬運無(wu)需(xu)靜止可使用，使用壽(shou)命(ming)長、免維修等特點(dian)。適用于電(dian)力(li)系統、工(gong)礦企業(ye)、科研部門等對各種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣(yuan)材料(liao)進行工(gong)頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強(qiang)(qiang)度試驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)壓試驗變壓器采(cai)用單(dan)框芯式鐵(tie)(tie)芯結構(gou)，初(chu)級繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)(rao)在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)芯上，高(gao)壓繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)在(zai)外，這種(zhong)同軸布置減(jian)少了漏磁通，因(yin)而增大了繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)間的耦合。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式容器結構(gou)，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓力(li)。其結構(gou)見圖(tu)1：
三、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為本公(gong)司生產(chan)的試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細資料(liao)請見其(qi)具體使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列(lie)操作(zuo)箱(臺)，經操作(zuo)箱內(nei)自(zi)偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞組(zu)，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原理，在試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可(ke)獲得試(shi)驗所需的高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工(gong)作原(yuan)理圖見(jian)圖2。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列(lie)交直流(liu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套管中裝有高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆，串接在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)回路(lu)(lu)中作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以(yi)獲得直流(liu)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。當用一短(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿將(jiang)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆短(duan)接時，可獲得工(gong)頻(pin)高電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)輸出狀態；取消短(duan)路(lu)(lu)桿時，作(zuo)為直流(liu)輸出狀態。
試驗變壓器高壓套管中(zhong)的(de)高壓硅堆未畫出，其(qi)原理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)獲得更高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原理見(jian)圖4。串級(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由幾(ji)(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)輕，便于(yu)運輸(shu)和安裝。它既然可串接(jie)成高(gao)(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾(ji)(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使用(yong)，又(you)可分(fen)開成幾(ji)(ji)套單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨(du)使用(yong)。整套裝置(zhi)投資(zi)小，經(jing)濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)和**級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都有(you)一(yi)個勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1給**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組供電(dian)；**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組供電(dian)。**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)對地(di)為1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)位(wei)上(shang)(shang)，所(suo)以(yi)箱(xiang)體對地(di)是(shi)絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是(shi)接(jie)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣(yang)**級(ji)、**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量(liang)分(fen)別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器做被(bei)試品的工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)使用接(jie)線原理圖見圖5。
圖中(zhong)：R1—限流(liu)電阻 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 RF—球間(jian)隙保(bao)護電阻 G—球間(jian)隙 CX—被試(shi)品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接(jie)地
工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)額(e)定容(rong)量來(lai)選(xuan)擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側額(e)定輸出電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常(chang)用水電(dian)阻(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細應(ying)具(ju)有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(水阻(zu)液配制(zhi)方法(fa)：用蒸(zheng)餾水加(jia)入(ru)適(shi)量硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不同的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)及保護電阻：當電壓超過(guo)球間(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取(qu)(qu)試(shi)驗(yan)電壓的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)放電，對被試(shi)品起到(dao)保護作用(yong)。球間(jian)隙(xi)保護電阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電壓)選取(qu)(qu)。
在(zai)工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中，低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準確(que)的(de)，其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)(shang)必然存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容(rong)升，使試(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于或高于低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)反映(ying)出來(lai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)，被(bei)試(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)所謂容(rong)升現象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時(shi)，試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)漏(lou)抗必然存(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測(ce)量被(bei)試(shi)品上(shang)(shang)所施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注(zhu)意事項
1）試(shi)驗人員應做(zuo)好分(fen)工(gong)，明(ming)確相互間聯系方法(fa)。并有專門人監(jian)護現(xian)場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品狀態(tai)。
2）被試品應先(xian)清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免(mian)損壞被試品和(he)試驗帶(dai)來的(de)誤差。
3）對于大型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，一般都應先進行空升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不(bu)接試(shi)(shi)品時(shi)升(sheng)壓至試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓，校(xiao)對各種表(biao)計，調整球間隙。
4）升壓速度(du)不(bu)能太(tai)快，并必須防止突(tu)(tu)然加壓。例(li)如調(diao)壓器不(bu)在零位(wei)時突(tu)(tu)然合閘。也(ye)不(bu)能突(tu)(tu)然切(qie)斷電源，一般應在調(diao)壓器降至零位(wei)時拉(la)閘。
5）當電壓(ya)升(sheng)至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)時，開始計時，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)以下時，才能拉開電源(yuan)。
6）在升壓(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中(zhong)，如發現下列(lie)不正(zheng)常情況時，應(ying)立(li)即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源。停止(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)并查明原(yuan)因(yin)：①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺(bai)動(dong)很大(da)；②發現絕緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙；③被(bei)試(shi)品內有不正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)前(qian)后應測量(liang)絕(jue)(jue)緣電阻，檢查絕(jue)(jue)緣情(qing)況。
試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)(shi)品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試(shi)(shi)驗時接線(xian)原理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所(suo)示(shi)。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu) C1—高壓濾波電(dian)容(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 CX—被(bei)試(shi)品 μA—帶保護微安表(biao)
泄(xie)露(lu)試驗中(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在額定輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)端(duan)短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不超過高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)的(de)(de)(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)的(de)(de)(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的(de)(de)(de)試驗裝置中(zhong)，限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應具有足夠的(de)(de)(de)容量和(he)沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)。
高(gao)壓(ya)濾(lv)波(bo)電容C1一(yi)般(ban)選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試品的電容量很大時(shi)，C1可(ke)省略不用。
泄露(lu)試(shi)驗的操(cao)作(zuo)及注意事(shi)項
1）試(shi)驗前應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)品是(shi)否(fou)停電，接(jie)地放電，一切(qie)對(dui)外連線(xian)是(shi)否(fou)擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試(shi)驗電壓加到有人工作的部位(wei)上去。
2）接(jie)(jie)好試驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的接(jie)(jie)線后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可(ke)加壓。應特別(bie)注意檢查(cha)高(gao)壓設備(bei)及引線與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作人員的**距離，被試品的外殼是否可(ke)靠接(jie)(jie)地(di)，要(yao)按**規(gui)程中所規(gui)定的內(nei)容(rong)進行試驗。
3）對于大電容量設備應緩(huan)慢升壓(ya)，防止被試品的(de)充電電流燒壞(huai)微安(an)表。必要時應分級(ji)加壓(ya)，分別讀(du)取(qu)各級(ji)電壓(ya)下微安(an)表的(de)穩(wen)定讀(du)數。
4）試驗過程中，應密切(qie)監(jian)視被(bei)試品、試驗裝置、微安(an)表，一旦發生擊穿、閃(shan)爍等(deng)異常現象(xiang)應立即(ji)降壓，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，并查明原因，詳細(xi)記錄。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)后應將被試品及(ji)試驗裝置(zhi)本(ben)身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進行的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接(jie)好(hao)工作線路(lu)。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼以及操作系統的(de)外殼必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)以及測量(liang)繞組的(de)F端必(bi)須(xu)可靠接(jie)地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試驗時，**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)X端，測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)F端以及(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)均(jun)接(jie)本(ben)級(ji)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼(ke)必須通過絕緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接通電源前，操作系(xi)統的調壓器必(bi)須調到零位后方可(ke)接通電源，合(he)閘，開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)開始(shi)均勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)法有：快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法；慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法；極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)法供選用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始(shi)按一定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)和速(su)(su)度(du)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每秒2%額定(ding)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您(nin)所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)指示以及(ji)被試(shi)品的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中或試(shi)驗過(guo)程中如發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)指示及(ji)被試(shi)品情況異(yi)常，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，查明(ming)情況。
5、試驗完畢后，應(ying)在(zai)數(shu)秒(miao)內(nei)勻速的(de)將調壓器返(fan)回至零位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品不得超過額定參數(shu)使用。除試驗(yan)必須(xu)外，決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐(nai)壓試驗過程中，如發(fa)現以下不(bu)正(zheng)常情(qing)況時，應立即降壓，切斷電源，停(ting)止試驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電(dian)壓表指針擺動(或(huo)數字跳動)很大
⑵電流表(biao)直線上升
被試品內有(you)不正(zheng)常的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項系壓(ya)力閥及壓(ya)力表，為(wei)長期(qi)關閉狀態。每6個月開閥一次，以(yi)檢查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力，應不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查(cha)壓(ya)力后(hou)立即關閉閥門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣(qi)體，以(yi)增加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗(yan)前后應測量被試設備的絕(jue)緣電(dian)阻，檢查絕(jue)緣情況(kuang)。
10、當(dang)試驗變壓器長期不使用時，應放置于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該產(chan)品不允(yun)許(xu)在高于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途(tu)中(zhong)不(bu)得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊(jin)固件及壓力閥、壓力表不得擅(shan)自松動。
14、使用本產品做高壓試(shi)驗時(shi)，出熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴格執(zhi)行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)配合，高壓試(shi)驗技術》；《電氣設備(bei)預防性試(shi)驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器容量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)額定輸出高壓的(de)(de)有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱(cheng)電壓較低時，k值可取高(gao)一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)(pin)率
被試設備的(de)電容量Ct可由交流電橋測出。Ct的(de)變化(hua)很(hen)大，
可由設(she)備的(de)類型而(er)定。
典型(xing)數據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸(xuan)式絕緣子 幾十微(wei)法
簡單的分級套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜(lan)和油浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的(de)試(shi)驗電壓Vn，選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不(bu)同的Vn所(suo)選(xuan)用的k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV ; k = 2