一(yi)、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是(shi)根據(ju)《試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)》標準,在(zai)油浸(jin)式試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)基礎上而(er)設計生產的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕緣(yuan)性(xing)能(neng)及(ji)優異(yi)的(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)能(neng),其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)(du)為同(tong)一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍,擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng),在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)油的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)優于(yu)油的(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材(cai)料。該產品技術要求(qiu)完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準,它是(shi)油浸(jin)式輕型(xing)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)換代(dai)產品。該產品具有體(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)影響、電暈(yun)小(xiao)、現場搬(ban)運無需靜止(zhi)可使用,使用壽命長、免維修等(deng)特點(dian)。適(shi)用于(yu)電力系(xi)統、工礦企業、科(ke)研部門(men)等(deng)對各種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電氣(qi)設備、電氣(qi)元(yuan)件(jian)、絕緣(yuan)材(cai)料進行工頻或直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)強度(du)(du)試驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器采用單(dan)框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結構(gou),初級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯上(shang),高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)在外(wai),這種同軸布置減少了(le)漏磁通(tong),因而(er)增大(da)了(le)繞(rao)組(zu)間(jian)的(de)耦(ou)合(he)。產品的(de)外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結構(gou),能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)。其(qi)結構(gou)見圖(tu)1:
三、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器為單相變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器,聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電(dian)源接入(ru) (為本(ben)公司生產(chan)的試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器配套(tao)專用(yong)設(she)備,詳細(xi)資料請見(jian)其(qi)具體使用(yong)說明書)系(xi)列操作(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)(臺),經操作(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)內自偶(ou)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0~200V(或(huo)0~400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出至(zhi)YDQ試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的初級(ji)繞(rao)組,根據電(dian)磁感應原理,在試驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組可獲得試驗(yan)所需的高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)2。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列交(jiao)(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)原理圖見圖3,圖中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管中(zhong)裝(zhuang)有(you)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆,串接(jie)在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中(zhong)作(zuo)半波整流(liu),以獲得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短(duan)(duan)接(jie)時(shi)(shi),可獲得(de)工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya),作(zuo)為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)輸出(chu)狀態;取消短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿時(shi)(shi),作(zuo)為直(zhi)流(liu)輸出(chu)狀態。
試驗(yan)變壓器高(gao)壓套(tao)管中(zhong)的高(gao)壓硅堆未畫(hua)出(chu),其原理與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線(xian)原(yuan)理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)優越性,因為整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾臺(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成,單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小(xiao)、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)、重(zhong)量輕(qing),便(bian)于運輸(shu)和安裝(zhuang)。它既然可串接成高出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)組合使用(yong),又可分開(kai)成幾套(tao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)置投(tou)資小(xiao),經濟實(shi)惠。圖5中,在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有(you)一(yi)個勵磁繞組A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)臺(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中,低(di)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組a1x1上,單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)V。勵磁繞組A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組供電(dian);**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁繞組A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)分別處在(zai)對地(di)為1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位上,所以箱(xiang)體(ti)對地(di)是(shi)(shi)絕緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體(ti)是(shi)(shi)接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣(yang)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分別為1V、2V、3V;其額定容量分別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)做被試(shi)品的工頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中:R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間隙 CX—被試品
注:高壓尾必須可(ke)靠接地
工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1應(ying)根(gen)據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)容量(liang)(liang)來(lai)選擇。如(ru)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流在100~300mA時(shi),可(ke)(ke)取(qu)(qu)0.5~1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya));高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側額(e)(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流為1A以上(shang)時(shi),可(ke)(ke)取(qu)(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))。常(chang)用水電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)作為限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu),管(guan)子(zi)長度(du)可(ke)(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮,管(guan)子(zi)粗(cu)細應(ying)具有足夠的(de)熱容量(liang)(liang)(水阻(zu)液(ye)配制(zhi)方法:用蒸(zheng)餾水加入適量(liang)(liang)硫(liu)酸(suan)銅配制(zhi)成各種不(bu)同(tong)的(de)阻(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間隙(xi)及(ji)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻:當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過(guo)球(qiu)間隙(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%),球(qiu)間隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian),對(dui)被試品起到保(bao)護作用。球(qiu)間隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)阻可(ke)按(an)1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選取。
在(zai)工頻耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗中,低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)的(de),其原因是(shi)由于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著漏抗,在(zai)這個(ge)漏抗上(shang)必然(ran)存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)或容升(sheng),使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于或高于低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映(ying)出來(lai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時,被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是(shi)所(suo)謂(wei)容升(sheng)現象(xiang)。感(gan)應耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗時,試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)漏抗必然(ran)存在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。為了準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)測量(liang)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施加(jia)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1)試驗人員(yuan)應做好(hao)分(fen)工,明確相互間聯系方(fang)法(fa)。并有專門人監(jian)護(hu)現場(chang)**及觀察試品(pin)狀態(tai)。
2)被試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃干(gan)凈,并**干(gan)燥,以(yi)免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的(de)誤差。
3)對(dui)于大(da)型(xing)試(shi)驗(yan),一般都應(ying)先(xian)進行空(kong)升(sheng)(sheng)試(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)品時升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya),校對(dui)各種表(biao)計,調整球間(jian)隙。
4)升壓(ya)速(su)度不(bu)能(neng)太快,并必須防止突(tu)然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)在零(ling)位時突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)然切斷電源,一般(ban)應在調壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)降(jiang)至(zhi)零(ling)位時拉閘(zha)。
5)當(dang)電壓升至試(shi)(shi)驗電壓時,開始計時,到(dao)1min后,迅(xun)速降(jiang)壓到(dao)1/3試(shi)(shi)驗電壓以(yi)下時,才能拉開電源。
6)在升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過(guo)程中,如發現(xian)下列(lie)不(bu)正常(chang)情況時,應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya),切斷電(dian)源。停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并查(cha)明(ming)原(yuan)因:①電(dian)壓(ya)表指針擺動很大;②發現(xian)絕緣燒焦或冒煙;③被試品內有不(bu)正常(chang)的聲音(yin)。
7)耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣電阻,檢查(cha)絕緣情況。
試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器在(zai)做(zuo)被試(shi)品的直流耐壓或(huo)泄(xie)露試(shi)驗(yan)時接線原(yuan)理圖如圖6。
注:此試驗(yan)應先抽出短路桿“D”,圖6中所(suo)示。
圖中:VD—高(gao)(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) C1—高(gao)(gao)壓濾波電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護(hu)微安表
泄露試驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1選(xuan)擇在額定輸出(chu)電(dian)壓時(shi),輸出(chu)端短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)高壓硅(gui)堆的*大整流(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅(gui)堆的*大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)為(wei)100mA時(shi)用于60kV的試驗(yan)裝置中,限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限流(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)還應(ying)具(ju)有足夠(gou)的容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高壓濾(lv)波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF,當被試品(pin)的電容量很(hen)大(da)時,C1可(ke)省略不用。
泄露試驗(yan)的操作及(ji)注意(yi)事(shi)項
1)試驗(yan)前應先檢查被試品是否(fou)停電,接地放電,一切對外連線(xian)是否(fou)擦(ca)干凈(jing)。要嚴(yan)防將試驗(yan)電壓加到有人工作的(de)部位上去。
2)接(jie)(jie)好(hao)試(shi)驗裝置的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)后,應(ying)復查無誤(wu)后才可加壓。應(ying)特(te)別(bie)注意檢查高壓設備及引線(xian)與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人(ren)員的(de)(de)**距離(li),被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)外殼是否(fou)可靠接(jie)(jie)地,要按**規(gui)程中所(suo)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)內容進(jin)行試(shi)驗。
3)對于大電(dian)容(rong)量設備應緩慢升壓,防(fang)止被試(shi)品(pin)的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒(shao)壞(huai)微(wei)安表(biao)。必要時應分(fen)級加壓,分(fen)別讀(du)(du)取(qu)各級電(dian)壓下微(wei)安表(biao)的穩定(ding)讀(du)(du)數。
4)試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中,應密切(qie)監視(shi)被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微安表,一旦發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等(deng)異常現(xian)象(xiang)應立即(ji)降壓(ya),切(qie)斷電源,并查明原(yuan)因,詳細(xi)記錄。
5)試(shi)驗完畢(bi),降(jiang)壓,切(qie)斷電源后應將(jiang)被(bei)試(shi)品及試(shi)驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)接好(hao)工作(zuo)線路(lu)。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼以及操作(zuo)系(xi)統的(de)(de)外殼必須可靠接地。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾(wei))以及測量繞組的(de)(de)F端必須可靠接地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)時,**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)低壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan),測量繞(rao)組的(de)(de)(de)F端(duan)以及高(gao)壓繞(rao)組的(de)(de)(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)外殼。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)外殼必須通過絕(jue)緣支架接地(di)。
3、接通電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)前,操作系統(tong)的調壓器必(bi)須調到(dao)零位后方(fang)可接通電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),合(he)閘,開始(shi)升壓。
4、從零開始均勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有:快速(su)(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法,即20s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法;慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法,即60s逐(zhu)級升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法;極慢速(su)(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供選用(yong)。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始按一定的(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速(su)(su)度(du)上升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)(de)額定試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后,在以每秒2%額定試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)您(nin)所需的(de)(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),并密切注意測量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示以及被試品(pin)的(de)(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試驗(yan)過程中如發(fa)現測量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示及被試品(pin)情(qing)況異(yi)常(chang),應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),切斷電源(yuan),查明情(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后(hou),應在(zai)數(shu)秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓器(qi)返回至零位(wei),然后(hou)切斷電源(yuan)。
6、本產品不得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須外,決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中,如發現以下不正常情況(kuang)時,應立(li)即降壓(ya),切斷電源,停(ting)止試驗(yan)并(bing)查(cha)明原因(yin)。
⑴電壓(ya)表指針擺動(dong)(或數(shu)字跳動(dong))很大
⑵電流表直(zhi)線上(shang)升
被試品內有不正常的聲(sheng)音
8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系壓力(li)(li)閥(fa)及(ji)壓力(li)(li)表,為長期(qi)關(guan)閉(bi)狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次,以(yi)(yi)檢查SF6壓力(li)(li),應(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓力(li)(li)后立即關(guan)閉(bi)閥(fa)門(men)),低于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti),以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)加氣(qi)(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應(ying)測量(liang)被試設備(bei)的絕緣電(dian)阻,檢查絕緣情況。
10、當試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)長期不使用時,應放置于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的(de)地方。
11、該(gai)產品不允許(xu)在高于(yu)45℃的溫(wen)度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中(zhong)不得重(zhong)力(li)沖(chong)擊。
13、產品(pin)緊固件(jian)及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得(de)擅自松動。
14、使用本產品做高壓試驗時,出熟悉本說明書(shu)外,還必須嚴格(ge)執行國(guo)家有關標準(zhun)和(he)操作規(gui)(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高壓輸變設(she)備(bei)的絕緣(yuan)配合(he),高壓試驗技術(shu)》;《電氣設(she)備(bei)預(yu)防性試驗規(gui)(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-200KVA/300KV交直流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的(de)確定(ding)公式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中:
Pn——標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的額(e)定(ding)輸出高壓(ya)的有效(xiao)值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1,標稱(cheng)電壓Vn≥1MV時,k=2;標稱(cheng)電壓較低(di)時,k值(zhi)可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv),ω=2πf, f——試(shi)驗電(dian)源的頻率(lv)
被試設備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交(jiao)流電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變化(hua)很大,
可由設(she)備(bei)的類型而定。
典型數(shu)據如下:
簡單的棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾十微法
簡單的分級套管 100~1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ~ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高(gao)壓(ya)電力(li)電纜和油浸紙絕緣(yuan) 250~300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ~60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站,SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100~10000Pf;
對于不同(tong)的試(shi)驗電壓Vn,選擇不同(tong)的(適(shi)當(dang)的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所選(xuan)用的k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2