一(yi)、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV高壓試驗變壓器概(gai)述(shu)
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據《試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)》標準(zhun)，在(zai)(zai)油浸式(shi)試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計(ji)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕緣性(xing)能及優異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性(xing)能，其(qi)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為(wei)同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)，擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下(xia)與油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等，在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)，是(shi)(shi)一種優于油的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕緣介質材(cai)(cai)料(liao)。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)技術要(yao)求完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是(shi)(shi)油浸式(shi)輕型試(shi)驗變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有(you)體積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現(xian)場搬運無需(xu)靜止可使(shi)用，使(shi)用壽命長、免維(wei)修等特點(dian)。適(shi)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)、工(gong)(gong)礦企業、科研部門(men)等對各種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)進行工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)或直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣強度(du)試(shi)驗。
二、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV高壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器采用單框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，初(chu)級(ji)繞組(zu)繞在鐵(tie)芯上(shang)，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)在外，這(zhe)種(zhong)同軸布置減少(shao)了(le)(le)漏磁通，因而增大了(le)(le)繞組(zu)間的耦合。產品(pin)的外殼(ke)為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結(jie)(jie)構(gou)，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓(ya)(ya)力。其(qi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV高壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)為(wei)單相變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)，聯(lian)結組(zu)(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. ;用(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上(shang)為(wei)380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為(wei)本公司生產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)設(she)備(bei)，詳細資料請見其具體(ti)使用(yong)說明書(shu))系列(lie)操(cao)作箱(臺)，經操(cao)作箱內自偶調(diao)壓器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以(yi)上(shang)調(diao)壓器(qi)(qi)外附(fu))調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)高壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)可獲得試(shi)驗(yan)所(suo)需的(de)高電(dian)(dian)壓。
單臺YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工(gong)作原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管中(zhong)裝有(you)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆，串接在(zai)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中(zhong)作半(ban)波整(zheng)流，以獲得(de)直流高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一(yi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆短(duan)(duan)接時，可獲得(de)工(gong)頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)，作為交流輸出狀態(tai)；取消短(duan)(duan)路(lu)桿時，作為直流輸出狀態(tai)。
試(shi)驗變壓器高(gao)壓套管中的高(gao)壓硅(gui)堆未畫出，其原理與上圖相同。
三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因(yin)為整個試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)單臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，單臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)輕，便于(yu)運輸和(he)安裝。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接成(cheng)高出(chu)幾倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使用(yong)，又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾套(tao)單臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨(du)使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝置投資小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個單元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有(you)一個勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組a1x1上(shang)，單臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組供電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)(rao)組A2、C2給第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)分別(bie)處在對地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高電(dian)位上(shang)，所以箱體(ti)對地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)是接地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額定輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定容量(liang)分別(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器做(zuo)被試(shi)品的工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗使(shi)用接線原理(li)圖見圖5。
圖中(zhong)：R1—限(xian)流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器(qi) RF—球(qiu)間(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻 G—球(qiu)間(jian)隙 CX—被試品
注(zhu)：高壓尾必須可靠接地(di)
工頻(pin)耐壓試(shi)驗中限流電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)R1應根(gen)據試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)(de)額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)來選擇。如高壓側額定(ding)輸出電流在(zai)100～300mA時，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電壓)；高壓側額定(ding)輸出電流為1A以上時，可取1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電壓)。常用(yong)水電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)作為限流電阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，管子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細(xi)應具有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)熱容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)(zu)液配(pei)制方(fang)法：用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水加入(ru)適(shi)量(liang)硫酸(suan)銅配(pei)制成各(ge)種不同的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)過球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)(shi)品起到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)作用。球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可按(an)1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取。
在(zai)工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))不是非常準確(que)的(de)(de)(de)，其原因是由于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)存在(zai)著(zhu)漏抗(kang)，在(zai)這個(ge)漏抗(kang)上(shang)必然(ran)存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)降或容升(sheng)，使試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，被試(shi)品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就(jiu)是所(suo)謂容升(sheng)現(xian)象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必然(ran)存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)降。為了準確(que)測(ce)(ce)量被試(shi)品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，因此常在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)來測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻(pin)耐壓試驗操作注意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)人(ren)員應做好分工，明確相(xiang)互間聯系方(fang)法。并有專門(men)人(ren)監護現(xian)場(chang)**及(ji)觀(guan)察試品狀態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品應先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損壞(huai)被(bei)試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，一般都應先進行(xing)空升試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。即不接試(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電壓，校對各種表計，調(diao)整(zheng)球(qiu)間隙。
4）升壓(ya)(ya)速度不能太快，并必(bi)須防止突然加壓(ya)(ya)。例如調壓(ya)(ya)器不在零位時突然合閘。也(ye)不能突然切斷電(dian)源，一(yi)般應(ying)在調壓(ya)(ya)器降至零位時拉閘。
5）當(dang)電(dian)(dian)壓升至(zhi)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，開始計時(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅速降壓到(dao)1/3試驗電(dian)(dian)壓以下時(shi)，才(cai)能拉(la)開電(dian)(dian)源。
6）在升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過(guo)程(cheng)中，如(ru)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)下列(lie)不正(zheng)常情況(kuang)時，應立(li)即降壓(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電源。停止試驗并查明(ming)原因：①電壓(ya)(ya)表指(zhi)針擺動很大；②發(fa)現(xian)(xian)絕(jue)緣燒焦或(huo)冒煙；③被(bei)試品內有不正(zheng)常的(de)聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓(ya)試驗前后應測量絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情(qing)況(kuang)。
試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器在(zai)做被試品的直流耐壓(ya)或(huo)泄露(lu)試驗(yan)時接線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此試驗應先(xian)抽出短路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中所示(shi)。
圖中：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限(xian)流電阻 C1—高壓濾波電容 FRC—阻容分壓器 CX—被(bei)試品 μA—帶保護微安表(biao)
泄露試(shi)驗中限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定(ding)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，輸出端(duan)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)(de)*大(da)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)100mA時用于60kV的(de)(de)試(shi)驗裝置中，限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具(ju)有足夠的(de)(de)容量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電(dian)容量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的(de)操作及(ji)注意事(shi)項(xiang)
1）試驗前(qian)應先檢查被試品是(shi)否停電(dian)，接地放電(dian)，一切對外(wai)連(lian)線(xian)是(shi)否擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試驗電(dian)壓加到(dao)有(you)人工作的部位(wei)上去。
2）接好試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的接線后，應復查(cha)無誤后才可加壓。應特別注意(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)高(gao)壓設備及引線與(yu)地、與(yu)操作(zuo)人員的**距(ju)離，被試品的外(wai)殼是否(fou)可靠接地，要按**規程中所規定的內容進(jin)行試驗(yan)。
3）對于(yu)大電容量設備應緩慢升壓(ya)(ya)，防(fang)止被試品的(de)(de)充電電流燒壞微安(an)表(biao)(biao)。必要時應分(fen)級(ji)(ji)加壓(ya)(ya)，分(fen)別讀(du)取各級(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)(ya)下微安(an)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)讀(du)數。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程中，應密切監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微(wei)安表，一旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異(yi)常(chang)現(xian)象應立即降壓，切斷電源，并(bing)查明(ming)原因，詳細記錄。
5）試驗完(wan)畢，降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源后(hou)應將被試品及試驗裝(zhuang)置本身充(chong)分放電。
四、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV高壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按(an)照您所進行的(de)試驗接(jie)好工作線路。試驗變壓器的(de)外殼(ke)以及操作系統的(de)外殼(ke)必須可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地。試驗變壓器高壓繞組的(de)X端(duan)(高壓尾)以及測量繞組的(de)F端(duan)必須可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)試驗(yan)時，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的低壓繞組(zu)的X端，測量繞組(zu)的F端以及(ji)高壓繞組(zu)的X端(高壓尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外殼。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的外殼必須通過絕(jue)緣支架(jia)接(jie)地。
3、接通電(dian)(dian)源前，操作系統的調(diao)壓器必須調(diao)到零位后(hou)方(fang)可接通電(dian)(dian)源，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零(ling)(ling)開始(shi)均(jun)勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：快速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢(man)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢(man)速(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)(ling)開始(shi)按(an)一定的(de)(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和(he)速(su)(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)定試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)75%后，在以(yi)(yi)每秒(miao)2%額(e)(e)定試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密(mi)切注(zhu)意測量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示以(yi)(yi)及被試(shi)品的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)或試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)如發現測量儀表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)指示及被試(shi)品情況(kuang)異常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)源，查明情況(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后，應(ying)在(zai)數秒(miao)內勻速的(de)將(jiang)調壓器返(fan)回(hui)至零位，然后切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)。
6、本產品不(bu)(bu)得(de)超過額(e)定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不(bu)(bu)允許全(quan)電壓通電或(huo)斷(duan)電。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗(yan)過程中，如發現以下不正常(chang)情況時(shi)，應立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，停(ting)止試驗(yan)并查(cha)明原(yuan)因。
⑴電壓(ya)表(biao)指針(zhen)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(或數字(zi)跳動(dong)(dong))很大
⑵電流表(biao)直線上(shang)升
被(bei)試品內有(you)不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表(biao)，為長(chang)期關(guan)閉狀態。每6個月開閥一次，以檢(jian)查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)壓(ya)力(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣體，以增加(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實(shi)驗前后應測(ce)量被試設備的絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查(cha)絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長(chang)期(qi)不使用時(shi)，應放(fang)置于(yu)通風、干(gan)燥、無(wu)陽光直(zhi)射的(de)地方。
11、該產品不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣(qi)。
12、運輸(shu)搬(ban)運途中不得(de)重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固件(jian)及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表不得擅自松動。
14、使用(yong)本(ben)產品做(zuo)高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉本(ben)說明書外，還必須嚴(yan)格執行國家(jia)有關標準和操作規程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變設備(bei)(bei)的(de)絕緣配合，高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)技(ji)術》；《電氣設備(bei)(bei)預防性試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-100KVA/300KV高壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量Pn的(de)確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標稱(cheng)試(shi)驗變壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變壓器的(de)額定輸(shu)出高(gao)壓的(de)有效值(kV)
k ——**系(xi)數。k≥1，標稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓(ya)較(jiao)低時，k值(zhi)可取高(gao)一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試(shi)驗電源的頻(pin)率(lv)
被試設備的電容(rong)量Ct可由交流電橋(qiao)測(ce)出(chu)。Ct的變化很大，
可由設備的類型而定。
典型數(shu)據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸(xuan)式絕緣子(zi) ; 幾十微法
簡單的分級(ji)套(tao)管 ; 100～1000pF
電壓互感器(qi) 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力(li)變壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力(li)電纜(lan)和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的(de)(de)試驗電壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(de)(de)(適當(dang)的(de)(de))**系(xi)數k。
以下列出不(bu)同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值(zhi)供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2