一、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓機概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根(gen)據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在(zai)(zai)油浸(jin)式(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上而(er)設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性能及優異的(de)(de)滅弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)(zai)0.25MPa下與油的(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)，在(zai)(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下是(shi)油的(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是(shi)一種優于(yu)油的(de)(de)新一代(dai)超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介(jie)質材料。該產(chan)(chan)品技術要求完全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是(shi)油浸(jin)式(shi)輕型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)換代(dai)產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具(ju)有(you)體(ti)(ti)積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小、現場搬運無(wu)需(xu)靜止(zhi)可使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修等(deng)(deng)特點。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統、工礦企業、科研部(bu)門等(deng)(deng)對(dui)各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件(jian)、絕(jue)緣材料進行(xing)工頻或直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度(du)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓機產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗變壓器(qi)采用單框芯式鐵芯結(jie)構，初級(ji)繞(rao)組繞(rao)在(zai)鐵芯上，高壓繞(rao)組在(zai)外，這種同軸布置減(jian)少了漏磁通(tong)，因而增大了繞(rao)組間的耦(ou)合。產品的外殼為圓柱(zhu)灌式容器(qi)結(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以(yi)上壓力(li)。其結(jie)構見圖1：
三、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓機工作原理
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器為單相變壓(ya)器，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電(dian)(dian)源接入 (為本(ben)公(gong)司生產的(de)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器配(pei)套專用設備(bei)，詳細(xi)資料請見其具(ju)體使用說明書)系列操作(zuo)箱(臺(tai))，經操作(zuo)箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)器(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)器外附)調(diao)節(jie)至0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)輸出至YDQ試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)初(chu)級繞組，根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)原(yuan)理，在試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞組可獲得試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的工作原理圖見(jian)圖3，圖中高(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管中裝有高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆，串接在高(gao)壓(ya)回路(lu)中作半波(bo)整流(liu)(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)(huo)得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短路(lu)桿將高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆短接時(shi)，可(ke)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)工頻高(gao)電壓(ya)，作為交流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)；取消短路(lu)桿時(shi)，作為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。
試驗(yan)變壓器高壓套(tao)管中(zhong)的高壓硅堆未(wei)畫出，其原(yuan)理與上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲(huo)得更高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的接線原理(li)見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)(ji)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有很大的優越(yue)性，因(yin)為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕(qing)，便于運輸(shu)和(he)安裝。它既然(ran)可串接成高出幾(ji)倍的單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可分(fen)(fen)(fen)開成幾(ji)套單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套裝置投(tou)資(zi)小，經濟(ji)實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的每(mei)個(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一個(ge)勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本(ben)原理(li)中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)V。勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的箱(xiang)體分(fen)(fen)(fen)別處在對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的高電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以(yi)箱(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)是(shi)絕緣的，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的箱(xiang)體是(shi)接地(di)的。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定(ding)容量分(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器做被試(shi)(shi)品的工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)使用接線原(yuan)理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 RF—球間隙保護電阻 G—球間隙 CX—被(bei)試品
注：高(gao)壓(ya)尾必須可靠接地(di)
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻R1應(ying)根據試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量來(lai)選擇。如高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在100～300mA時，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上時，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻作(zuo)為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻，管(guan)子長度可按150kV/m考慮(lv)，管(guan)子粗細應(ying)具有足夠的熱容(rong)量(水(shui)阻液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)加入適量硫(liu)酸銅配制成各(ge)種不同的阻值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)及保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過球間(jian)隙(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一般取(qu)試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)(dian)，對被試(shi)品起到保(bao)護(hu)作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))選(xuan)取(qu)。
在工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準確(que)(que)的，其原因是由于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著漏抗(kang)(kang)，在這個漏抗(kang)(kang)上(shang)必然存在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升(sheng)，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或高于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映(ying)出來的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂容升(sheng)現(xian)象(xiang)。感應(ying)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的漏抗(kang)(kang)必然存在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為(wei)了準確(que)(que)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施加的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常在高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻耐壓試驗操作注意(yi)事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)人員應做好分工，明確相(xiang)互(hu)間聯系(xi)方(fang)法。并(bing)有(you)專門(men)人監護現場**及觀察試(shi)品狀(zhuang)態。
2）被(bei)試(shi)品應先(xian)清掃(sao)干凈(jing)，并**干燥，以免損壞(huai)被(bei)試(shi)品和試(shi)驗(yan)帶來的誤(wu)差(cha)。
3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)(shi)驗，一般都應(ying)先(xian)進行空(kong)升(sheng)試(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升(sheng)壓至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)壓，校對(dui)各種表計，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升壓速度不(bu)能太快，并必須防(fang)止突(tu)然(ran)加(jia)壓。例如調壓器(qi)不(bu)在零位時突(tu)然(ran)合(he)閘。也不(bu)能突(tu)然(ran)切斷電源，一般應在調壓器(qi)降至(zhi)零位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升至(zhi)試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)時，開始計(ji)時，到1min后，迅(xun)速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)以下(xia)時，才能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升壓或耐壓試驗過程中，如發現下列(lie)不正(zheng)常情況時，應立(li)即降壓，切斷電源。停止試驗并查明原因：①電壓表(biao)指針擺動很大；②發現絕緣燒(shao)焦或冒(mao)煙；③被試品(pin)內有不正(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓試驗前后應測量(liang)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)情況(kuang)。
試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器(qi)在做被試(shi)品(pin)的直流耐壓或泄露試(shi)驗(yan)時接(jie)線原理圖如圖6。
注(zhu)：此(ci)試(shi)驗(yan)應先抽出短路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)濾波電容(rong)(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護微安表(biao)
泄露試(shi)(shi)驗中限流(liu)電阻R1選擇在(zai)額定輸出電壓(ya)時，輸出端短路(lu)電流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)。如電壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)(de)*大整(zheng)流(liu)電流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗裝置中，限流(liu)電阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)電阻還應具有足夠的(de)(de)容量(liang)和沿面(mian)放電距(ju)離(li)。
高壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容(rong)(rong)C1一般選(xuan)擇在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試品(pin)的電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量很大時(shi)，C1可省(sheng)略(lve)不用。
泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)驗的操作及注意事項
1）試驗(yan)前應先檢(jian)查被試品是否(fou)停電，接地放電，一切對外連(lian)線是否(fou)擦干凈(jing)。要嚴防將試驗(yan)電壓加到有人(ren)工作的部(bu)位上去(qu)。
2）接(jie)好試驗(yan)裝置的(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)后，應復查無誤后才可(ke)加(jia)壓。應特別注意(yi)檢查高壓設備及(ji)引線(xian)(xian)與地、與操(cao)作人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)**距離(li)，被試品的(de)(de)外殼是否(fou)可(ke)靠(kao)接(jie)地，要按**規程中所規定的(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)進行試驗(yan)。
3）對于大電(dian)容量設備(bei)應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止被試品的充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微安表。必要時應(ying)分級加壓，分別讀(du)取各級電(dian)壓下微安表的穩定讀(du)數。
4）試(shi)(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，應密切監視被試(shi)(shi)品、試(shi)(shi)驗裝置(zhi)、微安(an)表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃爍等異常現象(xiang)應立即降壓，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試驗完畢(bi)，降壓，切斷電源后應將被試品及試驗裝置本身充分(fen)放電。
四、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓機注意事項
1、按照您(nin)所進行的(de)試(shi)驗接(jie)好工作線路。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外(wai)殼以及(ji)(ji)操作系統的(de)外(wai)殼必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地(di)。試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)以及(ji)(ji)測量繞(rao)組的(de)F端(duan)必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地(di)。
2、做串級試驗(yan)時，**級、第三級試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)低壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端，測量繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)F端以及高壓(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾)均接(jie)本(ben)級試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼。**級、第三級試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼必須通(tong)過絕緣(yuan)支架接(jie)地。
3、接通(tong)電(dian)源前，操作系(xi)統(tong)的調壓器必(bi)須調到零位后方可接通(tong)電(dian)源，合閘，開始升壓。
4、從零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法有：快速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即20s逐(zhu)(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即60s逐(zhu)(zhu)級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；極(ji)慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供(gong)選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定試驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒(miao)2%額定試驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切(qie)注意(yi)測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)指(zhi)示以(yi)及被(bei)試品的(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試驗過程中如發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)指(zhi)示及被(bei)試品情況(kuang)(kuang)異(yi)常，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切(qie)斷電源(yuan)，查明情況(kuang)(kuang)。
5、試驗完畢后，應在數秒(miao)內勻(yun)速的將(jiang)調(diao)壓器返回至零位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產品(pin)不得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電(dian)壓(ya)通電(dian)或(huo)斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓或耐壓試驗過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現以下不正(zheng)常情況時，應(ying)立即降壓，切(qie)斷電源，停止試驗并查(cha)明原因。
⑴電壓(ya)表指(zhi)針擺動(dong)(或(huo)數(shu)字跳(tiao)動(dong))很大
⑵電(dian)流表直線上(shang)升
被(bei)試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項系壓(ya)力閥(fa)及壓(ya)力表，為長期關閉狀態。每6個月(yue)開(kai)閥(fa)一次(ci)，以檢查SF6壓(ya)力，應不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力后立即關閉閥(fa)門(men))，低于0.2MPa時(shi)應加SF6氣(qi)體，以增加氣(qi)絕(jue)緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗前后應(ying)測量被試設(she)備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期(qi)不使用(yong)時，應放置(zhi)于通風、干燥、無陽光直射的地(di)方。
11、該(gai)產(chan)品不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不(bu)得重(zhong)力沖(chong)擊(ji)。
13、產品緊(jin)固件(jian)及壓(ya)力閥(fa)、壓(ya)力表不(bu)得(de)擅自(zi)松動。
14、使(shi)用本產品做高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉本說明(ming)書外，還必須嚴格執行(xing)國家(jia)有關標準(zhun)和操作規程。可(ke)參(can)照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的(de)絕緣配合，高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)技(ji)術(shu)》；《電氣設備預(yu)防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)規程》等(deng)。
五、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓機容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額定(ding)輸(shu)出高壓的(de)有(you)效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時(shi)(shi)，k=2；標稱電壓(ya)較低時(shi)(shi)，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被試品的電容量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻(pin)率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)
被(bei)試設備的電容(rong)量Ct可(ke)由交流電橋(qiao)測(ce)出(chu)。Ct的變化很(hen)大(da)，
可(ke)由設備的(de)類型(xing)而定。
典型(xing)數據如下：
簡單(dan)的棒式或(huo)懸(xuan)式絕緣子 幾(ji)十微法(fa)
簡單(dan)的分級套(tao)管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變(bian)壓器(qi) < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕(jue)緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣體(ti)絕(jue)緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣(yuan) 100～10000Pf;
對于不同(tong)的(de)試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不同(tong)的(de)(適(shi)當(dang)的(de))**系數k。
以下列出不同的(de)Vn所選用的(de)k值供(gong)參(can)考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2