一(yi)、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置概述
YDQ系列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準,在油(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣性能及優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能,其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍,擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等,在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是(shi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍,是(shi)一種優于油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代(dai)超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質材料。該產品(pin)技術要求完(wan)全符合(he)《ZBK-41006-89》標準,它是(shi)油(you)浸(jin)式輕型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代(dai)產品(pin)。該產品(pin)具(ju)有體積小(xiao)、重(zhong)量輕、不受氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈小(xiao)、現(xian)場(chang)搬運無需靜止可使(shi)用,使(shi)用壽命長、免維修等特點。適用于電(dian)力系統、工(gong)礦企業、科研(yan)部門等對各(ge)種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備(bei)、電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元(yuan)件、絕(jue)緣材料進行工(gong)頻或(huo)直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強(qiang)度試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置產品結構
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器采用(yong)單框芯(xin)式(shi)鐵(tie)芯(xin)結(jie)構,初(chu)級繞組(zu)繞在鐵(tie)芯(xin)上,高壓(ya)繞組(zu)在外(wai),這種(zhong)同軸布置減少(shao)了漏磁通,因而增大(da)了繞組(zu)間的(de)耦合(he)。產品(pin)的(de)外(wai)殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容(rong)器結(jie)構,能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力。其結(jie)構見圖(tu)1:
三、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單(dan)相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi),聯結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上(shang)為(wei)380V)電(dian)源(yuan)接入 (為(wei)本公司生產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專(zhuan)用(yong)設備,詳細資料請見(jian)其具體使用(yong)說明書)系列操作(zuo)箱(xiang)(臺(tai)),經操作(zuo)箱(xiang)內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調節至0~200V(或0~400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級繞組(zu),根據電(dian)磁感應原理,在試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的(de)工作原理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖見圖3,圖中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui),串接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回(hui)路(lu)中(zhong)作(zuo)半波整流(liu),以獲得直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短路(lu)桿(gan)將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆(dui)短接時,可獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)電壓(ya),作(zuo)為交流(liu)輸出狀態;取消短路(lu)桿(gan)時,作(zuo)為直流(liu)輸出狀態。
試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套管中的高壓(ya)硅堆未畫出(chu),其原理與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更(geng)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原(yuan)理見圖(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大的(de)(de)(de)優越(yue)性,因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置由(you)幾臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng),單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量輕(qing),便于運(yun)輸(shu)和安裝。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使(shi)用(yong),又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾套(tao)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使(shi)用(yong)。整套(tao)裝置投資小,經(jing)濟實惠。圖(tu)5中,在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)和**級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)單元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都有一個(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在三(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原(yuan)理中,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)a1x1上(shang),單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian);**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞組(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組(zu)供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分別(bie)處在對(dui)地(di)(di)為(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)位(wei)上(shang),所以箱(xiang)體對(dui)地(di)(di)是絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)(de),試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接(jie)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三(san)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為(wei)1V、2V、3V;其額(e)定容量分別(bie)為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器做(zuo)被試(shi)(shi)品的工頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗使用接線(xian)原理(li)圖(tu)(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)5。
圖中:R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球間隙保護(hu)電阻 G—球間隙 CX—被試(shi)品
注:高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻(pin)耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)阻R1應根據試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)器的額(e)定(ding)容量(liang)來選擇(ze)。如(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)流在100~300mA時(shi),可(ke)取0.5~1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya));高(gao)壓(ya)側額(e)定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)流為1A以上時(shi),可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)阻作為限流電(dian)阻,管子長(chang)度可(ke)按150kV/m考慮,管子粗細應具(ju)有足(zu)夠的熱容量(liang)(水阻液配制方法:用蒸餾(liu)水加入適量(liang)硫(liu)酸銅配制成各種不同的阻值)。
球間隙(xi)(xi)(xi)及(ji)保(bao)護(hu)電阻:當電壓超過球間隙(xi)(xi)(xi)整定值時(一(yi)般取(qu)試驗電壓的110%~120%),球間隙(xi)(xi)(xi)放電,對被(bei)試品起到保(bao)護(hu)作用。球間隙(xi)(xi)(xi)保(bao)護(hu)電阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電壓)選取(qu)。
在(zai)工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)中,低(di)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是(shi)非常準確(que)(que)的(de),其原因(yin)是(shi)由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在(zai)著(zhu)漏抗,在(zai)這個漏抗上(shang)必然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容(rong)升,使試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或高于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反(fan)映出來的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時,被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)輸出電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),也就是(shi)所謂(wei)容(rong)升現象(xiang)。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時,試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)漏抗必然存在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為了準確(que)(que)測(ce)量被試(shi)(shi)(shi)品上(shang)所施加的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因(yin)此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來測(ce)量電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗(yan)操作注意事項
1)試(shi)驗(yan)人員應做好分工,明確相互(hu)間聯系方法。并有專門人監護(hu)現場**及觀(guan)察試(shi)品狀態。
2)被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品應先清掃干(gan)凈,并**干(gan)燥(zao),以免損(sun)壞被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品和試(shi)(shi)驗帶(dai)來的誤差。
3)對于大型試驗,一般都應先進行空升試驗。即不接(jie)試品時升壓(ya)(ya)至試驗電壓(ya)(ya),校對各(ge)種表(biao)計,調整球間隙。
4)升壓(ya)速度不能太快(kuai),并必須防止突然(ran)加(jia)壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器(qi)不在零位時(shi)突然(ran)合閘。也不能突然(ran)切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan),一般應在調壓(ya)器(qi)降至零位時(shi)拉閘。
5)當電壓(ya)(ya)升至(zhi)試驗電壓(ya)(ya)時,開始計時,到1min后,迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試驗電壓(ya)(ya)以下時,才能拉開電源。
6)在升壓或(huo)耐壓試驗(yan)過程中(zhong),如發現下列(lie)不正(zheng)(zheng)常情況(kuang)時,應(ying)立即降壓,切斷電源(yuan)。停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并(bing)查(cha)明(ming)原因:①電壓表指(zhi)針擺動很大;②發現絕(jue)緣燒(shao)焦或(huo)冒煙;③被試品內有不正(zheng)(zheng)常的聲音。
7)耐壓試驗前后應測(ce)量絕緣電阻(zu),檢查絕緣情(qing)況。
試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)器(qi)在做(zuo)被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)的(de)直(zhi)流耐壓(ya)或泄露試(shi)(shi)驗時接線原理圖(tu)如圖(tu)6。
注:此試驗應先抽出(chu)短路桿(gan)“D”,圖(tu)6中所(suo)示。
圖中:VD—高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電(dian)阻 C1—高(gao)壓(ya)濾(lv)波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器(qi) CX—被(bei)試品(pin) μA—帶保護微安表
泄露試(shi)(shi)驗中限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻R1選(xuan)擇在額(e)定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓時,輸(shu)出端短路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超(chao)過高壓硅(gui)堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大整流(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)壓硅(gui)堆(dui)(dui)的(de)*大整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于(yu)60kV的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗裝置中,限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)擇。限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻還應具有足夠的(de)容量和沿面放電(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電(dian)容C1一般選(xuan)擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF,當被試品的電(dian)容量很大時,C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗(yan)的操作(zuo)及注意事項
1)試(shi)驗前應先檢查被試(shi)品是否停電(dian),接地放(fang)電(dian),一切對外連線是否擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗電(dian)壓加到有人工(gong)作(zuo)的部(bu)位上去。
2)接好試驗裝(zhuang)置的接線后(hou),應復(fu)查無誤后(hou)才可加壓(ya)。應特別注意檢查高壓(ya)設備及引(yin)線與地(di)、與操(cao)作人員的**距離,被試品的外殼是否(fou)可靠接地(di),要按**規程中所規定的內(nei)容進(jin)行(xing)試驗。
3)對于大電(dian)(dian)容量設備(bei)應(ying)緩慢升(sheng)壓,防止(zhi)被試品的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)燒壞微(wei)安表(biao)。必要(yao)時應(ying)分(fen)級加壓,分(fen)別讀取各級電(dian)(dian)壓下微(wei)安表(biao)的(de)穩定(ding)讀數(shu)。
4)試(shi)(shi)驗過程中,應密切(qie)監視(shi)被試(shi)(shi)品、試(shi)(shi)驗裝置、微安表,一旦發(fa)生(sheng)擊穿(chuan)、閃(shan)爍等(deng)異常現象應立即降壓(ya),切(qie)斷電源,并查(cha)明原因,詳細記錄(lu)。
5)試驗完畢,降壓,切(qie)斷電源(yuan)后應(ying)將被試品及(ji)試驗裝置本(ben)身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置注意事項
1、按照您(nin)所進行的試驗接好工作線路。試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的外殼以及操作系統的外殼必(bi)須可(ke)靠(kao)接地。試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)繞組的X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)以及測(ce)量(liang)繞組的F端必(bi)須可(ke)靠(kao)接地。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時,**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的低壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端,測(ce)量繞組(zu)的F端以(yi)及高(gao)壓(ya)繞組(zu)的X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的外殼(ke)必須通過絕緣(yuan)支架接地。
3、接通電源前,操作系統的調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)必須(xu)調(diao)到零位(wei)后方可接通電源,合閘,開始升壓(ya)。
4、從零開(kai)始均勻(yun)旋轉(zhuan)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有:快速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法,即(ji)(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法;慢(man)(man)速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法,即(ji)(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法;極慢(man)(man)速(su)(su)(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法供選用(yong)。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速(su)(su)(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后(hou),在(zai)以每秒2%額定試驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)(su)(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所(suo)需(xu)的(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya),并密(mi)切(qie)注意測(ce)量儀表的(de)指(zhi)示以及被試品(pin)的(de)情(qing)(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)中或試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中如發現測(ce)量儀表的(de)指(zhi)示及被試品(pin)情(qing)(qing)況異常,應立即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya),切(qie)斷電源(yuan),查明(ming)情(qing)(qing)況。
5、試驗完畢后(hou),應在數秒內勻速的將調壓器(qi)返回至零位,然(ran)后(hou)切斷(duan)電(dian)源。
6、本產品(pin)不(bu)得超過額定參數使用。除試驗必須外,決(jue)不(bu)允(yun)許全電壓通(tong)電或斷電。
7、再升壓或耐壓試(shi)驗過程中,如發現以下不正常(chang)情況時,應立即降壓,切斷電(dian)源,停止試(shi)驗并查明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大(da)
⑵電流(liu)表(biao)直線上升
被試品內有不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖(tu)1中第9項(xiang)系壓力(li)(li)閥及壓力(li)(li)表,為長期關(guan)閉狀態。每(mei)6個月開閥一次(ci),以檢查SF6壓力(li)(li),應不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓力(li)(li)后(hou)立即關(guan)閉閥門),低于0.2MPa時應加(jia)SF6氣體,以增加(jia)氣絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前后(hou)應(ying)測量被試設(she)備的(de)絕(jue)緣電阻,檢查絕(jue)緣情況。
10、當(dang)試(shi)驗變壓器長期不使用時(shi),應放置于通風、干燥、無陽(yang)光(guang)直射的地方。
11、該(gai)產品不(bu)允許在(zai)高于(yu)45℃的(de)溫度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸(shu)搬運途中不得(de)重力沖(chong)擊。
13、產品緊固件(jian)及壓力閥(fa)、壓力表不得(de)擅(shan)自松動。
14、使(shi)用本(ben)產品(pin)做(zuo)高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時,出熟(shu)悉本(ben)說(shuo)明書外(wai),還(huan)必須嚴格執行國家有關標(biao)準和操作規程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸(shu)變設(she)備的絕緣(yuan)配合,高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》;《電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備預(yu)防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程》等(deng)。
五、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV高壓耐壓成套裝置容量選擇
標稱試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)容量(liang)Pn的(de)確定公式:Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中:
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)容量(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓器的額(e)定輸出高壓的有效(xiao)值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1,標稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時,k=2;標稱電壓(ya)較低時,k值可取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試品(pin)的電容量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率,ω=2πf, f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻(pin)率
被(bei)試(shi)設備的電容量Ct可(ke)由(you)交(jiao)流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大,
可由(you)設備的類(lei)型而定。
典型數據如(ru)下:
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾(ji)十(shi)微法
簡(jian)單(dan)的分(fen)級(ji)套(tao)管 100~1000pF
電壓(ya)互感器 200 ~ 500pF
電力(li)變壓器 < 1000kVA ~1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000~10000pF
高(gao)壓電力電纜和油浸(jin)紙絕緣 250~300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ~60pF/m
封閉變電站(zhan),SF6氣體絕緣 100~10000Pf;
對于(yu)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)試驗電壓Vn,選(xuan)擇不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(適當的(de))**系數(shu)k。
以下(xia)列出不同(tong)的(de)Vn所選用(yong)的(de)k值(zhi)供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2