一、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準，在油(you)(you)(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體(ti)具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能及優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度為同一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一種(zhong)優于油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代超高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)介質材料(liao)。該(gai)產(chan)品技術要求完全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油(you)(you)(you)浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)代產(chan)品。該(gai)產(chan)品具有體(ti)積小(xiao)(xiao)、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈(yun)小(xiao)(xiao)、現場搬(ban)運無需靜止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修(xiu)等(deng)(deng)特點。適(shi)用(yong)于電(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科(ke)研(yan)部(bu)門等(deng)(deng)對各(ge)種(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)氣(qi)設備、電(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)進行工頻或(huo)直流高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器采(cai)用(yong)單框芯(xin)(xin)式(shi)鐵芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)構(gou)，初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)繞(rao)在(zai)鐵芯(xin)(xin)上(shang)，高壓繞(rao)組(zu)在(zai)外，這種同軸布置(zhi)減少了(le)(le)漏磁通(tong)，因而增大了(le)(le)繞(rao)組(zu)間的耦(ou)合(he)。產品的外殼為圓柱灌式(shi)容器結(jie)構(gou)，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)構(gou)見圖(tu)1：
三、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)為單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，聯結組(zu)(zu)標(biao)號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為380V)電(dian)源接(jie)入 (為本公司生產的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)配套專用(yong)(yong)設備，詳細資料請見其具體(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)說明書)系列操作(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)(臺)，經操作(zuo)箱(xiang)(xiang)內自(zi)偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(50kVA以上(shang)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)外附)調(diao)節至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)初級繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，根據(ju)電(dian)磁感應原理，在試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)可獲(huo)得試(shi)驗(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單(dan)臺YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變壓器的工(gong)作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系列(lie)交(jiao)(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管中(zhong)裝有高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)，串接在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)回(hui)路中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲(huo)得直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)。當(dang)用一(yi)短路桿將高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)短接時，可獲(huo)得工頻(pin)高(gao)電壓(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀態；取(qu)消短路桿時，作(zuo)(zuo)為直流(liu)(liu)輸出(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)套(tao)管中的(de)高壓(ya)硅(gui)堆未(wei)畫出，其原理與(yu)上圖相同。
三臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)接線原理(li)(li)見(jian)圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)優越(yue)性，因為整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置由幾(ji)(ji)臺(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)(liang)小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)、重量(liang)(liang)輕(qing)，便于運輸(shu)和(he)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)(ji)倍的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)使(shi)用(yong)，又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾(ji)(ji)套(tao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨(du)使(shi)用(yong)。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置投資小，經濟(ji)實惠。圖5中，在**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)每個(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中都(dou)有一個(ge)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在三臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理(li)(li)中，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都(dou)是(shi)V。勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)箱體分別(bie)(bie)處在對地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱體對地是(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)箱體是(shi)接地的(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)額定(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)(bie)為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)(liang)分別(bie)(bie)為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗(yan)變(bian)壓器做被試品的(de)工頻耐壓試驗(yan)使用接線原理(li)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 RF—球間(jian)隙(xi)保護電阻(zu) G—球間(jian)隙(xi) CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必(bi)須可靠接地
工頻耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)中限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻R1應根據試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)額定(ding)容量(liang)(liang)來選(xuan)擇。如高(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)在100～300mA時，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))；高(gao)壓(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)輸出電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)1A以上(shang)時，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya))。常(chang)用(yong)水(shui)電(dian)阻作為(wei)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻，管(guan)子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗細應具(ju)有(you)足夠的(de)熱(re)容量(liang)(liang)(水(shui)阻液配制(zhi)方法：用(yong)蒸餾水(shui)加入(ru)適量(liang)(liang)硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不同(tong)的(de)阻值)。
球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙整定值時(一般取試驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙放電(dian)，對被試品起(qi)到保護作用(yong)。球(qiu)(qiu)間(jian)隙保護電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取。
在(zai)工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非常準(zhun)確的(de)，其原因(yin)是由于(yu)(yu)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)在(zai)著漏(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上必(bi)(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降或容升，使試品上的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)或高于(yu)(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測量(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反映出(chu)來(lai)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時，被(bei)試品上的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)(yu)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)(suo)謂容升現(xian)象。感應耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時，試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)(bi)然(ran)存(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準(zhun)確測量(liang)被(bei)試品上所(suo)(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接(jie)入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)測量(liang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(見(jian)圖5)。
工頻耐壓試(shi)驗操作(zuo)注意(yi)事項(xiang)
1）試(shi)驗人(ren)員應做(zuo)好分工，明確相(xiang)互(hu)間聯系方法。并有(you)專門人(ren)監護現場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態(tai)。
2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并(bing)**干燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗(yan)帶來(lai)的誤(wu)差。
3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，一般都(dou)應先(xian)進行空升試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時(shi)升壓(ya)至試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對(dui)各種表計(ji)，調整球(qiu)間隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度不(bu)(bu)能太快，并必(bi)須防止(zhi)突(tu)然加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不(bu)(bu)在(zai)零(ling)位(wei)時突(tu)然合閘。也不(bu)(bu)能突(tu)然切斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降至零(ling)位(wei)時拉閘。
5）當(dang)電壓升至試驗(yan)電壓時，開(kai)始計(ji)時，到1min后(hou)，迅(xun)速(su)降壓到1/3試驗(yan)電壓以下時，才能拉開(kai)電源。
6）在(zai)升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現下列不正(zheng)(zheng)常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源。停止試驗(yan)并查明原因：①電壓(ya)表指針擺(bai)動很大；②發(fa)現絕緣燒(shao)焦或冒煙；③被試品內有不正(zheng)(zheng)常的聲音。
7）耐壓試(shi)驗前后應測(ce)量(liang)絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。
試(shi)驗變壓器在(zai)做被試(shi)品(pin)的直流(liu)耐(nai)壓或泄(xie)露試(shi)驗時接(jie)線原理圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)6。
注(zhu)：此試驗應先抽出短(duan)路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中：VD—高壓硅(gui)堆 R1—限流電阻 C1—高壓濾波電容 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶(dai)保護微(wei)安表
泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)(shi)驗中限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選擇在(zai)額定輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，輸(shu)(shu)出端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不超過高壓硅(gui)堆的*大整流。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅(gui)堆的*大整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為100mA時(shi)用于60kV的試(shi)(shi)驗裝置中，限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應具有足(zu)夠(gou)的容(rong)量和沿面放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距(ju)離。
高壓(ya)濾(lv)波電容(rong)C1一般(ban)選(xuan)擇(ze)在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品的(de)電容(rong)量很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作(zuo)及注(zhu)意(yi)事項
1）試驗(yan)前(qian)應先檢查被試品是否停電(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)，一切對外連線(xian)是否擦干(gan)凈(jing)。要嚴(yan)防將試驗(yan)電(dian)壓加到有人(ren)工作的(de)部位上去。
2）接好試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)裝置的接線(xian)后，應復查無誤后才可加壓。應特(te)別注(zhu)意(yi)檢查高壓設備及引線(xian)與地(di)、與操作人員的**距離，被試(shi)(shi)品的外殼是否可靠(kao)接地(di)，要按**規程中所規定(ding)的內容(rong)進行試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
3）對于大電(dian)容量(liang)設備(bei)應(ying)緩慢升壓，防止被試品的(de)(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安表。必要時應(ying)分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別讀取各(ge)級電(dian)壓下(xia)微(wei)安表的(de)(de)穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗過程中，應(ying)密切(qie)監視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗裝置、微(wei)安表(biao)，一旦(dan)發(fa)生擊穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現象應(ying)立即降壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電源，并查明原因(yin)，詳(xiang)細(xi)記錄。
5）試(shi)驗(yan)完畢，降壓，切(qie)斷電(dian)源后應(ying)將被試(shi)品及(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您(nin)所進行的(de)試(shi)驗接好工(gong)作(zuo)線路。試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)的(de)外殼以及(ji)(ji)操作(zuo)系統的(de)外殼必須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)接地。試(shi)驗變壓器(qi)高(gao)壓繞組的(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)以及(ji)(ji)測(ce)量繞組的(de)F端(duan)必須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao)接地。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗時，**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)X端，測量繞組的(de)F端以及高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)本級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼。**級(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼必須通(tong)過絕(jue)緣支架接(jie)地。
3、接(jie)通電源(yuan)前，操(cao)作系統的調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)必(bi)須調(diao)到零位后方可接(jie)通電源(yuan)，合閘，開(kai)始升壓(ya)。
4、從零開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪(lun)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：快(kuai)速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即(ji)(ji)20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即(ji)(ji)60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢速升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始按一定的升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式(shi)和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的額(e)定試驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的75%后，在(zai)以(yi)每秒(miao)2%額(e)定試驗(yan)(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的速度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的額(e)定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意(yi)測量儀表的指示(shi)(shi)以(yi)及被試品(pin)的情況。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)程中(zhong)或試驗(yan)(yan)過(guo)程中(zhong)如發(fa)現測量儀表的指示(shi)(shi)及被試品(pin)情況異常(chang)，應立即(ji)(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源，查明情況。
5、試(shi)驗完畢后(hou)，應在數秒(miao)內勻速(su)的將調壓器返回至零位，然后(hou)切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產品(pin)不得超過額定(ding)參數使(shi)用(yong)。除試驗必(bi)須外，決不允許全(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓通(tong)電(dian)(dian)或斷電(dian)(dian)。
7、再升(sheng)壓或耐壓試驗(yan)過程中，如發現(xian)以下不正常情況時，應立(li)即降(jiang)壓，切斷電源(yuan)，停止試驗(yan)并查明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電(dian)流表直線上升(sheng)
被試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系壓(ya)力(li)閥(fa)及壓(ya)力(li)表，為長期(qi)關閉狀態。每6個月開閥(fa)一次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應不小(xiao)于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)后(hou)立即關閉閥(fa)門(men))，低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓實(shi)驗前后應(ying)測量被試設備的絕緣電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣情況(kuang)。
10、當(dang)試驗變壓器長期不使用(yong)時(shi)，應放(fang)置于通風、干燥、無(wu)陽光直(zhi)射的地方。
11、該產品不(bu)允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下(xia)長(chang)期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表(biao)不得(de)擅自松(song)動。
14、使用本產品做(zuo)高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟悉(xi)本說(shuo)明書外，還必須嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)國家有關標準和(he)操作規程(cheng)。可(ke)參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸變設(she)備(bei)的(de)絕緣配合，高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)技術》；《電氣設(she)備(bei)預(yu)防性試(shi)驗(yan)規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBTQSB-300KVA/100KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標(biao)稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器的額定輸出高(gao)壓(ya)的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱電壓較(jiao)低時，k值可(ke)取高一些。
Ct——被試(shi)品的電容(rong)量(pF)
ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源(yuan)的頻率
被試(shi)設備的電容量Ct可由交(jiao)流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大，
可由設備(bei)的(de)類型而定。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒(bang)式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾十(shi)微法
簡(jian)單(dan)的分級(ji)套管(guan) 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器(qi) 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕(jue)緣 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的試驗電壓Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不同的Vn所選用的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2