WBST-300電纜(lan)(lan)識別儀(yi)是(shi)用于將(jiang)某一(yi)特定電纜(lan)(lan)從一(yi)束電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)識別出來的專用儀(yi)器(qi)。它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)小型化(hua)手提式，緊湊型儀(yi)器(qi)，裝(zhuang)在鋁合金箱內，由一(yi)個信(xin)號發生器(qi)，一(yi)個帶傳感器(qi)的接收(shou)機及連線(xian)構成(cheng)。

一(yi)、WBST-300電纜識別分析儀工作原理簡(jian)介

為了可靠準確(que)地(di)識別電(dian)纜(lan)，需要(yao)(yao)給被識別電(dian)纜(lan)加(jia)一特殊的信號，該信號要(yao)(yao)被專用(yong)接收機接收，利用(yong)這一特性便能(neng)識別出要(yao)(yao)找的電(dian)纜(lan)。

該(gai)儀(yi)器按下述原理工(gong)作(zuo)：

發生(sheng)器將周期(qi)性(xing)的(de)(de)單極(ji)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓脈(mo)(mo)沖饋(kui)入要識別的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)需要在遠端接地(di)，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)有足夠(gou)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。該(gai)系統要設計成返(fan)回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不要從同一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)返(fan)回，能(neng)做到這(zhe)一(yi)點，饋(kui)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)方(fang)向可做為一(yi)明顯的(de)(de)識別標(biao)準，流(liu)(liu)(liu)出去(qu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)僅從這(zhe)一(yi)根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)通過(guo)，所有其它(ta)鄰近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)的(de)(de)都是(shi)返(fan)回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，但它(ta)們的(de)(de)極(ji)性(xing)相反(fan)。除了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)方(fang)向這(zhe)一(yi)實際差異外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)幅度也是(shi)一(yi)識別特征(zheng)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)出去(qu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)僅通過(guo)一(yi)根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、而返(fan)回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可通過(guo)幾根(gen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、這(zhe)意味(wei)著流(liu)(liu)(liu)出去(qu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)比(bi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)其它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)返(fan)回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)。

接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)任務(wu)是探測流(liu)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以及它的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小。為(wei)達到這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)被用作(zuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，它帶有一(yi)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)并(bing)串聯在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鉗住被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)磁場在傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)圈中感(gan)應(ying)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓極性由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)決(jue)定。為(wei)了得到明顯(xian)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓極性，對一(yi)束電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)進行測試(shi)都采取相同正確的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈中感(gan)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在表頭中顯(xian)示(shi)出來，如果傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按上述方(fang)式連接(jie)，指針擺動方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)可顯(xian)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，即只有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)出的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)根電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)指針向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)邊偏(pian)，這(zhe)(zhe)根就(jiu)是要找的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。所(suo)有其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)只流(liu)過(guo)(guo)返回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，指針向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)另一(yi)邊偏(pian)、或(huo)無脈動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，指針不偏(pian)轉。接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)大(da)調節器(qi)(qi)(qi)可調整(zheng)信(xin)號強度(du)。

二、WBST-300電纜識別分析儀外型及功(gong)能介紹

識別儀(yi)主機及接收機外(wai)型如圖(tu)1所示

主機(ji)外型尺寸：  370mm×270mm×210mm

接收機外型尺寸：170mm×60mm×140mm

識別儀主機各部分功能如下：

2.儀器校(xiao)準

校準接收機(ji)時，要在(zai)始端處用傳(chuan)感器(qi)卡住(zhu)電纜（接近發生(sheng)器(qi)），然后從(cong)0開始(shi)調整接(jie)收機的輸出幅度(du)，直(zhi)到表頭顯示讀數為(wei)4－6格，如果接(jie)收(shou)機過載，儀表指示過大(da)，此時應減小輸出幅度。然后在需要檢(jian)測處用相(xiang)同的(de)接(jie)收(shou)靈敏(min)度進(jin)行檢(jian)測，用傳感

器將每(mei)一根電纜都(dou)卡(ka)一遍，當卡(ka)住需(xu)要識別的電纜時，接收機表(biao)頭(tou)顯(xian)示(shi)讀數為4-6格，且向同一方向偏擺。

所有(you)其它電(dian)纜要(yao)么沒有(you)讀(du)(du)數(shu)，要(yao)么讀(du)(du)數(shu)極小且電(dian)流方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)相反，即向(xiang)(xiang)另一方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)偏擺。

3.測試實例

實(shi)例1

由于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)屏(ping)蔽層通(tong)常(chang)與(yu)地相連，如果電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)束中(zhong)，其(qi)它電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)也接到公(gong)(gong)共地上，發生器上黑色輸出插孔可連到公(gong)(gong)共地上，返(fan)(fan)回(hui)電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)幾(ji)根電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)屏(ping)蔽層進行分(fen)(fen)配，將返(fan)(fan)回(hui)電(dian)(dian)流分(fen)(fen)成許(xu)多支流，意味著被識別(bie)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的差(cha)值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流較大，有用信號較清楚， “差(cha)值(zhi)”的意思(si)是輸出電(dian)(dian)流和其(qi)分(fen)(fen)得的返(fan)(fan)回(hui)電(dian)(dian)流在(zai)同一通(tong)道內。如圖(tu)4所示，圖(tu)4中有5根電纜(lan)，4號電纜是我們需要(yao)識(shi)(shi)別的，要(yao)識(shi)(shi)別的電纜中“輸出(chu)電流”為20A。假設返回(hui)電流在所有(you)電纜的屏蔽層中平均分配，在要測的電纜中應有(you)4A的(de)(de)返回電流，要識別的(de)(de)電纜中(zhong)的(de)(de)差值為：20A（輸出(chu)）－4A（返回）＝16A（差值）

實例2

如(ru)果(guo)被測電纜的屏(ping)蔽層從系(xi)統地中斷開(kai)，其差值將會得(de)到改進，在(zai)該電纜的屏(ping)蔽層中，沒有返回電流。如(ru)圖5所示

圖(tu)5中(zhong)有(you)5根(gen)電纜，4號電(dian)纜是我們(men)需要的電(dian)纜，要識別的電(dian)纜中“輸出電(dian)流”為20A。由于電纜屏(ping)蔽層與地斷開，在其(qi)余4根電纜中分得的返回電流為：20A/4＝5A，要識別電纜的(de)電流(liu)差值為：20A－0＝20A

實例3

用作返(fan)回電路的(de)屏蔽層數量越少，從差值法中(zhong)得到的(de)讀數越小，極限情況(kuang)是僅有兩(liang)根(gen)電纜的(de)情況(kuang)。如圖6所示

在圖6中有兩根電纜，1號電(dian)(dian)纜是要識別的電(dian)(dian)纜，要識別的電(dian)(dian)纜中輸出電(dian)(dian)流為20A，返(fan)回電(dian)流在兩根電(dian)纜的(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)中分配，因(yin)此(ci)每根電(dian)纜的(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)的(de)(de)返(fan)回電(dian)流為10A，產生的電流差為：20A－10A＝10A

將(jiang)電(dian)纜屏蔽(bi)層從公共(gong)地上(shang)斷開，改善發生器的接地狀(zhuang)況，在電(dian)纜遠端加一(yi)地釘，差值電(dian)流會得到改善。如圖7所示

圖7中(zhong)有兩(liang)根電纜(lan)，1號電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是(shi)要識別的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，要識別的電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中輸出電(dian)流為(wei)20A，返回電(dian)流在2號電纜屏(ping)蔽層中為10A，產生的　值電(dian)流為：20A－0A＝20A

實例(li)4

如果沒有屏蔽層來構(gou)成返回電(dian)路，返回電(dian)路可通過(guo)地(di)釘來實現，此時需要兩個地(di)釘，一個地(di)釘在電(dian)流遠端(duan)與電(dian)纜芯線(xian)相相連，另外一個與主機黑色輸出插孔相連，如圖8所示

圖8中有兩根電纜(lan)，1號電纜是我(wo)們要識別(bie)的電纜，要識別(bie)電纜的輸出電流為(wei)20A，返回電(dian)流(liu)通過地釘經大地回到發生(sheng)器。

為保(bao)證環路電阻(zu)的阻(zu)抗盡可能低，地(di)(di)釘與地(di)(di)之間要保(bao)證接觸良好(hao)（將地(di)(di)釘附近的地(di)(di)方弄濕）。

警(jing)告：為確保人身**，對已(yi)確定的電纜結果，不能(neng)作(zuo)為開據前(qian)的依(yi)據，已(yi)識別的電纜只能(neng)作(zuo)為標(biao)示(shi)或掛牌(pai)的依(yi)據，如(ru)果要維修(xiu)開鋸(ju)前(qian)，一定要進行(xing)扎釘試驗(yan)。

六、儀器(qi)配(pei)套

電纜識別儀主機                 1臺

電纜識(shi)別(bie)儀接收機                 1臺

鉗形(xing)電流互感器                       1只  

1歐－20W 試驗用電阻                1只

電源線               ;                   1條

測試線                                2條

合格(ge)證                1份

保修卡                1份(fen)

說明書(shu)                1本

電 纜 識 別(bie) 儀

操　作　指　南

一、操作(zuo)人員要事先(xian)閱讀說明書，掌握儀(yi)器的功能、工作(zuo)方(fang)法(fa)、測試前的工作(zuo)準(zhun)備(bei)事項及正確(que)測試要求。

二、測試(shi)前，先將被測電纜兩(liang)端鎧裝接地斷開，芯線遠(yuan)端（末端）與大地連接。

三、儀(yi)器兩條輸出(chu)線按(an)說明書第2頁要(yao)求分別將紅夾(jia)接至被測電(dian)纜芯線(xian)上，黑夾(jia)接至大地。

四、打開(kai)發(fa)射機前，必須(xu)先將輸出(chu)(chu)調節旋(xuan)鈕反時鐘(zhong)旋(xuan)到(dao)零位，然后開(kai)機。緩慢調節輸出(chu)(chu)調接旋(xuan)鈕，使輸出(chu)(chu)達到(dao)5A－15A（調(diao)節(jie)旋鈕一般(ban)均調(diao)在三(san)分之二范圍(wei)之內）。如(ru)果該(gai)配電站系統(tong)接(jie)地阻值大于4歐姆(mu)，則輸出電流小于8A，只要接(jie)收機(ji)表(biao)頭能正反方向偏轉就可正常工作。

 注意：現場使用時(shi)，若接地電阻過小(xiao)，發射機(ji)在輸出調節(jie)旋鈕反時(shi)鐘旋到零位(wei)時(shi)，輸出電流也會很大，發射機(ji)內保(bao)護電路動作(zuo)（表現為表頭有很小(xiao)的快速擺動），這(zhe)時(shi)可以將隨機(ji)配的大功率試驗電阻（1至2歐姆/20W－30W）串接(jie)在(zai)發射機回路中。

實際(ji)測試(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)，同一(yi)條電纜溝中(zhong)，兩(liang)個配電房之間連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)的其(qi)他電纜超過(guo)兩(liang)條，接(jie)(jie)地(di)電阻(zu)(zu)因為有其(qi)它(ta)運(yun)行(xing)電纜鎧裝相連(lian)(lian)而(er)變的很小，甚至接(jie)(jie)近為零，發射機輸出(chu)電流過(guo)大而(er)保護電路動作，這時可將試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電阻(zu)(zu)串接(jie)(jie)在發射機回路中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)測試(shi)(shi)(shi)。測試(shi)(shi)(shi)完畢，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)很高，注意(yi)降溫(wen)(wen)后裝箱，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電阻(zu)(zu)也可用其(qi)它(ta)1－2歐，大于20W的電阻替代(dai)。

五、在現(xian)場識(shi)(shi)別電纜(lan)前，應(ying)按說明(ming)書中儀器校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求，在電纜(lan)始(shi)端(duan)將識(shi)(shi)別儀接收機校(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)好(hao)。

六(liu)、現場識(shi)別電(dian)纜的(de)標準：當傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器卡在(zai)其(qi)中一(yi)條電(dian)纜上測試時，接收機表(biao)(biao)頭向(xiang)一(yi)邊偏轉并且(qie)(qie)擺動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)大(da)，在(zai)其(qi)余(yu)電(dian)纜上測試時（保(bao)持傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器同一(yi)卡入方向(xiang)不變），接收機表(biao)(biao)頭向(xiang)另一(yi)邊偏轉并且(qie)(qie)擺動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)小，電(dian)纜條數越(yue)多偏轉越(yue)小。接收機表(biao)(biao)頭向(xiang)一(yi)邊偏轉并且(qie)(qie)擺動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)電(dian)纜，即為(wei)需(xu)要識(shi)別的(de)電(dian)纜。

七、儀器空載可(ke)進(jin)行如下驗(yan)收：

1、將儀器(qi)兩條輸出(chu)線末端接(jie)1歐姆20W大(da)功率試驗電阻,接線如下圖(tu)所(suo)示：

2、將輸出調節旋鈕反時鐘旋到*小，然后開機(ji)，儀(yi)器(qi)發(fa)射(she)機(ji)輸出電流為5-15A，此時(shi)在(zai)紅黑(hei)兩(liang)條輸(shu)出(chu)線(xian)上校(xiao)準接(jie)收(shou)機，即可(ke)進行模擬電(dian)纜識別(bie)(bie)。將接(jie)收(shou)機表頭增益調節旋鈕反時(shi)鐘旋到*小，將傳感器分別(bie)(bie)卡(ka)在(zai)紅黑(hei)兩(liang)條輸(shu)出(chu)線(xian)上時(shi)（保持傳感器同一卡(ka)入方向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)變），接(jie)收(shou)機表頭分別(bie)(bie)向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)同的方向(xiang)(xiang)擺(bai)動(dong)（擺(bai)動(dong)周期為7秒左右），說明儀(yi)器發射機、接收機工(gong)作正(zheng)常。

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